Foundations, face powder, and rouge

The classic foundation is vanishing cream, which is essentially an oil-in-water emulsion that contains about 15 percent stearic acid (a solid fatty acid),a small part of which is saponified (converted to a crystalline form) in order to provide the quality of sheen.

Such creams leave no oily finish, though they provide an even, adherent base for face powder, which when dusted on top of a foundation provides a peach-skin appearance.

Many ingredients are needed to provide the characteristics of a good face powder: talc helps it spread easily; chalk or kaolin gives it moisture-absorbing qualities;

magnesium stearate helps it adhere;

zinc oxide and titanium dioxide permit it to cover the skin more thoroughly; and various pigments add colour.

Heightened colour can be provided with rouge, which is used for highlighting the cheekbones;

the more modern version is the blusher, which is used to blend more colour in the face.

Small kits of compressed face powder and rouge or blusher are commonly carried by women in their handbags.